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Following paper technology’s slow diffusion throughout Asia and later to India, paper made its way westward in 750 AD when China’s Tang Dynasty was at war with the Islamic world. Korea learned papermaking in the fourth century and Japan around the sixth century. It was not until the third century that the art of papermaking began to spread from China to Vietnam and then to Tibet. Paper as modern society knows it was born.Īrcheological findings show that limited papermaking was likely done before this in ancient China, but Lun is generally credited as modern paper’s inventor with his studies and documentation of papermaking technology, which helped spread its implementation. Lun presented his solutions to the Emperor where his inventions were noted in imperial court documents. A thin, flexible, yet strong sheet of fine entangled fibers with a smooth surface resulted. This pulp sludge was then strained through a porous cloth and attached to a frame for drying into paper. Simply, plant fibers such as hemp were soaked and beaten into a sludge. Lun experimented with a wide variety of materials while refining and documenting the process of macerating the plant fibers until each filament separated. Paper as thought of today made of pulped cellulose fibers like wood is generally considered to have been invented by Ts’ai Lun in China around 105 AD. However, none of these innovations are considered as true paper by today’s definitions. In the Pacific Islands, a crude paper was made by beating a fine bark over shaped logs. 1 Amatl was produced by boiling and pounding the inner bark of the Ficus tree ( Ficus cotinifolia) until suitable for art and writing intentions. It was widely used until Spanish explorers arrived, and is still manufactured by the Otomi in central Mexico and by various Nahuatl-speaking villages in Guerrero. Around 100 AD, Central America Mayans developed an analogous thin sheet mat for bookmaking called ‘amatl’ in Nahuatl language (Mexican term ‘amate’).
CYPERUS PAPYRUS PORTABLE
The resulting sheets were ideal for the ancients’ writings being portable and storable.įirst occurring sometime around 2400 BC, Egyptian papyrus is often thought of as the world’s first paper while other civilizations eventually developed similar executions. This papyrus mat was pounded into a thin sheet and allowed to dry. These strips were then arranged and layered to form a thick mat. Grown along the River Nile, the papyrus sedge stem was cut into thin strips by ancient Egyptians and then softened over days in the river waters. The term ‘paper’ itself originates from Egypt’s reedy marsh grass, Cyperus papyrus. Wang, in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 2012 10.23.2 Paper History